List of the most common tumors, causes, most common pathogens, most common disorders, etc.
| Most Common Primary Tumor arising from the bone in adults | Osteosarcoma |
| Most Common Adrenal Medullary Tumor | Pheochromocytoma: 5 P’s: ↑ Pressure; Pain (Headache); Perspiration; Palpitations; Pallor/Diaphoresis |
| Most Common Adrenal Medullary Tumor Children | Neuroblastoma |
| Most Common Agent of severe viral encephalitis | Herpes simplex |
| Most Common Aggressive lung tumor | Small cell or oat cell |
| Most Common Associated with gallstones | Adenocarcinoma |
| Most Common Atrial Septal Defects | Ostium Secundum Type |
| Most Common Bacterial Meningitis of newborns | E. coli / Group B strep |
| Most Common Bacterial Meningitis of adults | Strep pneumonia & in young adults = Neisseria meningitides |
| Most Common Bacterial Meningitis of elderly | Neisseria meningitidis |
| Most Common Benign epithelial tumor of the oral mucosa | Papilloma |
| Most Common Benign fallopian tube tumor | Adenomatoid |
| Most Common Benign ovarian tumor | Mature(Native) Teratoma = benign dermatoid |
| Most Common Benign tumor of soft tissue | Lipoma |
| Most Common Benign tumor of the breast<25yoa | Fibroadenoma |
| Most Common Benign tumor of the liver | Hemangioma |
| Most Common Benign tumor of the vulva | Hidroadenoma |
| Most Common Benign uterine tumor | Leiomyoma: estrogen sinsitive: changes size during pregnancy & menopause |
| Most Common Bone Tumors | Metasteses from Breast & Prostate |
| Most Common Brain Tumor Child | Medulloblastoma (cerebellum) |
| Most Common Brain Tumor Adult | Astrocytoma (including Glioblastoma Multiforme) then: mets, meningioma, Schwannoma |
| Most Common Breast Carcinoma | Invasive Duct Carcinoma |
| Most Common Breast Mass | Fibrocystic Change: premenopausic women (Carcinoma is the most common in post-menopausal women) |
| Most Common Bug in Acute Endocarditis | Staph aureus |
| Most Common Bug in Epiglottitis | Hib |
| Most Common Bug in GI Tract | Bacteroides (2nd E. coli) |
| Most Common Bug in IV drug user bacteremia / pneumonia | Staph aureus |
| Most Common Bug in Otitis Media & Sinusitis in Kids | Strep. Pneumoniae |
| Most Common Bug in PID | N. Gonnorrhoeae |
| Most Common Bug in Subacute Endocarditis | Strep Viridans |
| Most Common Bug in debilitated,hospitalized pneumonia pt | Klebsiella |
| Most Common CA of urinary collecting system | Transitional cell CA (assoc. w/ benzidine; βnaphthylamine; analine dyes; long term txt w/ cyclophosphamide) |
| Most Common Cardiac 1ry Tumor Adults | Myxoma: Ball Valve |
| Most Common Cardiac 1ry Tumor Child | Rhabdomyoma associated w/ Tuberous sclerosis |
| Most Common Cardiac Tumor Adults | Metasteses |
| Most Common Cardiomyopathy | Dilated (Congestive) Cardiomyopathy: Alcohol, BeriBeri, Cocaine use, Coxsackie B, Doxorubicin; Systolic Dysfunction |
| Most Common Cause of Addison’s | Autoimmune (2nd – infection) |
| Most Common Cause of Bacterial Diarrhea | Campylobacter jejuni |
| Most Common Cause of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia | 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency: NaCl lost & Hypotension (then, 11- NaCl retention & HTN) |
| Most Common Cause of Congenital Malformation | Fetal Alcohol Syndrome |
| Most Common Cause of Cushings | Exogenous Steroid Therapy (then, 1ry ACTH, Adrenal Adenoma, Ectopic ACTH) |
| Most Common Cause of Death b/t 24-44 yoa | AIDS |
| Most Common Cause of Death in Alzheimer pts | Pneumonia |
| Most Common Cause of Death in Diabetics | MI |
| Most Common Cause of Death in SLE pts. | Lupus Nephropathy Type IV (Diffuse Proliferative) = Renal Disease |
| Most Common Cause of Death in premature | NRDS = hyaline membrane disease |
| Most Common Cause of Death w/ SLE | Renal failure |
| Most Common Cause of Dementia | Most common – Alzheimer’s
2nd common – Multi-Infarct Dementia |
| Most Common Cause of Dwarfism | Achondroplasia |
| Most Common Cause of Food poisoning | Staph aureus |
| Most Common Cause of Glomerulonephritis | IgA Nephropathy = Berger’s Disease |
| Most Common Cause of Hematosalpynga | Ectopic pregnancy |
| Most Common Cause of Hypoparathyroidism | Throidectomy |
| Most Common Cause of Hypothyroidism | Corrective surgery I31 treatment |
| Most Common Cause of Infection in Burn Pts | Pseudomonas |
| Most Common Cause of Kidney infections | E. coli |
| Most Common Cause of Liver disease in US | Alcohol consumption |
| Most Common Cause of Lobar Pneumonia | Strep. Pneumoniae |
| Most Common Cause of Malignancy in children | Acute leukemia |
| Most Common Cause of Mental retardation | Down’s |
| Most Common Cause of Mental retardation(2nd most common) | Fragile X |
| Most Common Cause of NaCl loss and Hypotension | 21 hydroxylase deficiency |
| Most Common Cause of Non-Ghonococcal Urethritis | Chlamydia trichomonas |
| Most Common Cause of Osteomyelitis in IV Drug Users | Pseudomonas |
| Most Common Cause of PID | N. ghonorrhea |
| Most Common Cause of Pneumonia in Cystic Fibrosis | Pseudomonas |
| Most Common Cause of Portal cirrhosis | Alcohol |
| Most Common Cause of Preventable Blindness | Chlamydia (serotypes A,B,Ba,C) |
| Most Common Cause of Pulmonary HTN | COPD |
| Most Common Cause of SIADH | Small Cell Carcinoma of the Lung |
| Most Common Cause of Secondary
Hypertension | Renal disease |
| Most Common Cause of Viral Pneumonia | RSV infants
Parainfluenza kids Influenza virus adults Adeno virus military recruits |
| Most Common Cause of a Solitary Brain Abscess | A. Israelli |
| Most Common Cause of breast lumps | CA of the breast |
| Most Common Cause of chronic endometriosis | TB |
| Most Common Cause of secondary HTN | Renal Disease |
| Most Common Causes of Pernicious Anemia | Chronic atropic gastritis = no production of intrinsic factor |
| Most Common Causes of UT obstruction in man | BP Hyperplasia |
| Most Common Chromosomal Disorder | Down’s |
| Most Common Common Tumor of Appendix |
Cardinoid Tumor : flushing, diarrhea, bronchospasm, R heart valvular lesions Txt: Methysergide(5HT antagonis) |
| Most Common Complication of COPD | Pulmonary infections |
| Most Common Congeital Cardiac Anomaly | VSD (membranous>muscular) |
| Most Common Congenital Early Cyanosis | Tetralogy of Fallot =right to left shunt |
| Most Common Congenital GIT Anomaly | Meckel’s Diverticulum: persistence of vitelline duct/yolk sac stalk |
| Most Common Coronary Artery Thrombosis | LAD artery: MI |
| Most Common Demyelinating Disease | Multiple Sclerosis: (Charcot Triad = nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech)
Periventricular plaques w/ ↓ Oligodenrocytes ↑ IgG in CSF, Optic Neuritis, MLF Syndorme = Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia, bladder incontinence |
| Most Common Dental Tumor | Odontoma |
| Most Common Dietary Deficiency | Iron |
| Most Common Disease of the Breast | Fibrocystic disease |
| Most Common Disseminated Opportunistic Infection in AIDS | CMV (Pneumocystis carinii is most common overall) |
| Most Common Esophageal Cancer | CCA |
| Most Common Fallopian Tube Malignancy | AdenoCA |
| Most Common Fatal Genetic Defect in Caucasians | Cystic Fibrosis (chromosome 7q) |
| Most Common Female Tumor | Leimyoma |
| Most Common Form of Amyloidosis | Immunologic (Bence Jones protein in multiple myeloma is also called the Amyloid Light Chain) |
| Most Common Form of Tularemia | Ulceroglandular |
| Most Common Germ Cell Tumor of Testes | Seminoma (analogous to dysgerminoma of ovaries) |
| Most Common Gynecological Finding | Endometrial CA |
| Most Common Gynecological Malignancy | Endometrial Carcinoma |
| Most Common Heart Murmur | Mitral Valve Prolapse |
| Most Common Heart Valve in Bacterial Endocarditis | Mitral |
| Most Common Heart Valve in Bacterial Endocarditis in IV drug users | Tricuspid |
| Most Common Heart Valve involved in Rheumatic Fever | Mitral then Aortic |
| Most Common Hereditary Bleeding Disorder | Von Willebrand’s Disease |
| Most Common Hormone secreted in Pituitary Adenoma | Prolactin |
| Most Common Immunodeficiency | IgA Deficiency |
| Most Common Inherited disease of the Kidney | Adult polycystic kidney disease: associated w/ polycystic liver, Berry aneurysms, Mitral prolapse APD1 chromosome 16 |
| Most Common Intelligence Test | Stanford Binet (ages 6 & under)
WIPSI (ages 4-6) WISK-R (for ages 6-17) WAIS-R (for > 17 yoa) |
| Most Common Intracranial tumor in adults | Glioblastoma mulitforme |
| Most Common Islet Tumor | Insulinoma = β cell tumor |
| Most Common Liver 1ry Tumor | Hepatoma |
| Most Common Liver Disease | Alcoholic Liver Disease |
| Most Common Location of Adenocarcinoma
of the Pancreas | Head (99%) |
| Most Common Location of Adult Brain
Tumors | Above Tentorium |
| Most Common Location of Childhood Brain Tumors | Below Tentorium |
| Most Common Lung Tumor, malignant or benign | Malignant |
| Most Common Lung Tumor, primary or secondary | Secondary |
| Most Common Lysosomal Storage Disease | Gaucher’s |
| Most Common Malignancy Vulva | Squamous cell CA |
| Most Common Malignancy in Women | Lung (2nd breast) |
| Most Common Malignancy of the Larynx | Glottic CA (squamous cell) |
| Most Common Malignancy of the Small
Intestine | Adenocarcinoma |
| Most Common Malignant Eye Tumor in Kids | Retinoblastoma |
| Most Common Malignant Tumor of the Liver | Hepatocellular CA |
| Most Common Mental Problem in Males | Specific phobia |
| Most Common Metabolite seen w/ Pheochromocytoma | VMA: vanillylmandelic acid (NE metabolite) |
| Most Common Motor Neuron Disease | ALS |
| Most Common Muscular Dystrophy | Duchenne’s: Dystrophin deletion. Presents <5yoa weakness at pelvic girdles w/ upward progression |
| Most Common Nasal Tumor | Squamous cell CA |
| Most Common Neoplasm of the West | Adeno CA of the rectum and/or colon |
| Most Common Neoplasm Child | Leukemia |
| Most Common Neoplasm Child (2nd most common) | Medulloblastoma of brain (cerebellum) |
| Most Common Neoplastic Polyp | Tubular adenoma |
| Most Common Nephrotic Syndrome in Adults | Membranous Glomerulonephritis |
| Most Common Nephrotic Syndrome in Children | Minimal Change (Lipoid Nephrosis) Disease (responds well to steroid txt) |
| Most Common Non Hodgkin’s Lymphoma | Follicular small clear cell |
| Most Common Number of Deaths per year in | Lung CA |
| Most Common Opportunistic infection in AIDS | PCP |
| Most Common Ovarian Malignancy | Serous Cystadenocarcinoma |
| Most Common Ovarian Tumor | Hamartoma |
| Most Common Pancreatic Tumor | Adeno (usually in the head) |
| Most Common Paraphilia | Pedophilia |
| Most Common Patient with ALL / CLL / AML / CML | ALL Child / CLL Adult over 60 / AML – Adult over 60 / CML Adult 35-50 |
| Most Common Patient with Goodpasture’s | Young male |
| Most Common Patient with Reiter’s | Male |
| Most Common Pituitary Tumor | Prolactinoma (2nd Somatotropic Acidophilic Adenoma) |
| Most Common Place for Peptic Ulcer Disease | Lesser curvuture in antrum associated w/ blood group O |
| Most Common Place for Primary Squamous Cell CA of esophagus | Mid 1/3 |
| Most Common Pneumonia | Strep. Pneumoniae |
| Most Common Primary Benign Salivary Tumor | Pleomorphic Adenoma (Mixed) 90% localized to the parotid |
| Most Common Primary Hyperparathyroidism | Adenomas (followed by: hyperplasia, then carcinoma) |
| Most Common Primary Malignancy of Bone | Osteosarcoma |
| Most Common Primary Malignancy of Small Intestine | Lymphoma |
| Most Common Pt. with Hodgkin’s | Young Male (except Nodular Sclerosis type Female) |
| Most Common Pt. with Minimal Change Disease | Young Child |
| Most Common Renal Malignancy | Renal cell CA |
| Most Common Renal Malignancy of Early
Childhood | Wilm’s tumor (neohroblastoma) chromosome 11p |
| Most Common Salivary Tumor | Pleomorphic adenoma |
| Most Common Secondary Hyperparathyroidism | Hypocalcemia of Chronic Renal Failure |
| Most Common Severe Shigella | Dysenteriae |
| Most Common Sexually Transmitted Disease | Chlamydia (sero types D-K) |
| Most Common Shigella Type | S. Sonnei |
| Most Common Site of Diverticula | Sigmoid Colon |
| Most Common Site of Embolic Occlusion | Middle cerebral aa: contralateral paralysis; aphasias; motor & sensory loss |
| Most Common Site of Metastasis | Regional Lymph Nodes |
| Most Common Site of Metastasis (2nd most common) | Liver |
| Most Common Sites of Atherosclerosis | Abdominal aorta > coronary > popliteal > carotid |
| Most Common Skin CA of Fair Skinned People | Malignant melanoma |
| Most Common Skin Cancer | Basal Cell Carcinoma |
| Most Common Skin tumor | Basal cell CA |
| Most Common Small Intestine Congenital Anomaly | Meckel’s diverticulum |
| Most Common Stomach Cancer | Adeno associated w/ blood group A |
| Most Common Testicular Tumor | Seminoma = malignant painless testes growth |
| Most Common Thyroid Anomaly | Seminoma = malignant painless testes growth |
| Most Common Thyroid Anomaly | Thryoglossal duct cyst |
| Most Common Thyroid CA | Papillary CA |
| Most Common Tracheoesophageal Fistula | Lower esophagus joins trachea / upper esophagus blind pouch polyhydramnios association |
| Most Common Tumor in men <20 | Germ cell tumor |
| Most Common Tumor of Infancy | Benign vascular tumor = port wine stain = Hemangioma |
| Most Common Tumor of the Stomach >50 years of age | CA of stomach (adeno CA) |
| Most Common Type of Hodgkin’s | Mixed Cellularity (versus: lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion, nodular sclerosis) |
| Most Common Type of Non-Hodgkin’s | Follicular, small cleaved |
| Most Common Type of Portal Cirrhosis | Micronodular |
| Most Common Type of Soft Tissue Tumor of Childhood | Rhabdomyosarcoma |
| Most Common Urethritis | N. ghonorrhea |
| Most Common Vasculitis (of medium & small arteries) | Temporal Arteritis (branch of Carotid Artery) |
| Most Common Viral Encephalitis | HSV |
| Most Common Warm Antibody | Most common form of immune hemolytic anemia
IgG auto antibodies to RBC See spherocytosis; (+) Coombs test; complication to CLL |
| Most Common Worm Infection in US | Pinworm (2nd Ascaris) |
| Most Common Worst Prognosis in Thyroid Case | Follicular CA |
Caption Image:
