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Posts for medical students, residents, and junior doctors: pediatric approaches, clinical tools, exam frameworks, and useful resources.
Hematemesis Vomiting of fresh blood or “Coffee-grounds” (blood altered by gastric acid). Hematochezia Passage of stools containing red blood rather than tarry stools. Melena Refers to black tarry stools that usually result from upper GI bleeding. Represent bleeding anywhere above the ileocecal valve. Causes Of G.I. Bleeding Neonates Most common causes : Swallowed maternal blood…
Read noteEpigastric region Structures-liver and subphrenic abscess, stomach, duodenum, transverse colon, omentum, pancreas, abdominal aorta, LN. Congenital Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis Gastric torsion Pseudo pancreatic cyst, pancreatic abscess Hepatomegaly Gastroparesis Intussusception Duplication of stomach/duodenum Right Hypochondrium Structures– liver, gallbladder, subphrenic space, hepatic flexure of the colon, rt. Kidney and suprarenal glands. Hepatomegaly Choledochal cyst Subphrenic abscesses Kidney…
Read noteGAIT The pattern of how a person walks A dynamic & repetitive performance Occurs with a definite rhythmic sequence of events that takes during a gait cycle Normal walking is relatively effortless, performed with minimum expenditure of energy GAIT CYCLE The walking sequence requires that the non weight bearing leg moves forward while weight is…
Read noteDiarrhea- Excessive loss of fluid & electrolyte in the stool. Passage of 3 or more loose or watery stool in a 24 hour period. Loose stool- That would take the shape of a container. For practical purpose, the recent change in consistency & character of the stool & its water content. Types of Diarrhea Acute…
Read noteBleeding/bruising in children: Accidental Non-accidental injury/Abuse Bleeding diathesis Common Causes of bleeding in a well child ITP Henoch-Schonlein purpura Hemophilia A or B von Willebrand disease Vitamin K deficiency Warfarin or heparin Causes of bleeding in a Sick child DIC Severe liver dysfunction Acute leukemia Neuroblastoma Lymphoma Meningococcal infection History Site of bleeding Localized:…
Read noteHistory duration of weakness (ie. hours to days to weeks/months) classify as rapidly progressive, acute, subacute or chronic mode of progression (eg. onset in arms, “ascending paralysis”) sensory involvement (numbness, tingling, loss of balance esp. in dark, pain/burning) bulbar involvement (change in voice or swallowing) facial weakness (trouble chewing, sucking with straw, blowing) extraocular muscle…
Read noteDefinition Physical growth is significantly less than that of his/her peers Usually refers to growth below the 3rd or 5th percentile or a change in growth that has crossed two major growth percentile(i.e., from above the 75th percentile to below the 25th )in a short time. FTT Criteria Height/Weight less than 3rd to 5th percentile…
Read noteCauses of Floppy Infant Central nervous system: Perinatal asphyxia, neonatal encephalopathy, cerebral palsy, intracranial hemorrhage, chromosomal anomalies including down syndrome and inborn errors of metabolism e.g., aminoacidurias, mucopolysaccharidosis, and cerebral lipidosis. Spinal cord lesions: Anterior horn cell disease – Werdnig Hoffman disease, poliomyelitis. Peripheral nervous: Acute polyneuropathy, familial dysautonomia, congenital sensory neuropathy. Myoneural junction: Neonatal myasthenia gravis, infantile botulism,…
Read noteCollection of the pictures of important histology slides taken from a microscope . The images are arranged according to Systems and are extremely useful for medical students. Contents: General Musculoskeletal System Central Nervous System Gastro-Intestinal System Cardiovascular system Respiratory System Reproductive System Renal System Endocrine System General Cuboidal gland Cube shaped, central nucleus. eg. salivary,…
Read noteAccording to WHO, When hemoglobin concentration in the peripheral blood is 11gm.% or less it is defined as anemia. According to CDC (1993), it is considered if the blood hemoglobin is below 10.5gm%. In developing countries the incidence is 40-80 %. Anemia is responsible for 20% of maternal death in third-world countries. Normal physiological hematological…
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